Abstract
Displays based on inorganic light-emitting diodes (LED) are considered as the most promising one among the display technologies for the next-generation. The chip for LED display bears similar features to those currently in use for general lighting, but it size is shrunk to below 200 microns. Thus, the advantages of high efficiency and long life span of conventional LED chips are inherited by miniaturized ones. As the size gets smaller, the resolution enhances, but at the expense of elevating the complexity of fabrication. In this review, we introduce two sorts of inorganic LED displays, namely relatively large and small varieties. The mini-LEDs with chip sizes ranging from 100 to 200 μm have already been commercialized for backlight sources in consumer electronics applications. The realized local diming can greatly improve the contrast ratio at relatively low energy consumptions. The micro-LEDs with chip size less than 100 μm, still remain in the laboratory. The full-color solution, one of the key technologies along with its three main components, red, green, and blue chips, as well color conversion, and optical lens synthesis, are introduced in detail. Moreover, this review provides an account for contemporary technologies as well as a clear view of inorganic and miniaturized LED displays for the display community.
Highlights
The traditional display technology features a cathode ray tube (CRT) based on the principle of a steered electron beam excitation of a fluorescent screen [1]
After flip-chip bonding of the micro-light-emitting diodes (LED) arrays onto the active matrix (AM) panels, the RGB LED on silicon (LEDoS) chips are die-attached and wire-bonded onto individual packaging boards, which are connected to a control board
After flip-chip bonding of the micro-LED arrays onto the AM panels, the RGB LED on silicon (LEDoS) chips are dieattached and wire-bonded onto individual packaging boards, which are connected to a control board
Summary
The traditional display technology features a cathode ray tube (CRT) based on the principle of a steered electron beam excitation of a fluorescent screen [1]. Since the invention of the first color CRT television (TV) in 1950, the CRT TV has dominated the display market for many decades because of its outstanding characteristics, such as excellent visual depth of field and high response rate. This dominance of CRT displays remained for a remarkably long time until the year of 2000, when two new display technologies, liquid-crystal display (LCD) and plasma display panel, were demonstrated [2,3,4]. Because LCD displays have major disadvantages, such as slow response time, poor conversion efficiency and low color saturation, the technology had been repeatedly criticized by consumers [5]. The relatively mature mini-LED is expected to be the first commercialized variety while the micro-LED display technology is still in its nascent state
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