Minerals Composition and Characterization of the Hatchery Eggshell Waste Treated with Different Preparation Methods

Ahmad Iskandar Setiyawan,Mohammad Faiz Karimy,Safna Fauziah,Diah Pratiwi

doi:10.21776/ub.jitek.2021.016.03.1

Abstract

The preparation process needs to be carried out in the treatment of hatchery waste. The objective of the study was to determine the mineral content and characterization of the eggshell waste after preparation. An experiment was arranged on a completely randomized design (CRD). Preparation treatment consisted of; T1: shell waste watered with distilled water; T2: shell waste soaked in distilled water for 12 h; T3: shell waste soaked in 0.5% NaOH for 720 min; and T4: shell waste boiled at 80°C for 15 min and soaked in 5% H3PO4 for 15 min. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and if any differences, a Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) post hoc tests were carried out. Composition of proximate and mineral were detected by using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). Results indicated that proximate analysis of the dry matter content were T4: 98.98±0.01; T3: 98.58±0.04; T2: 98.75±0.08; and T1: 98.72±0.03. The calcium content of the treatment from the highest was T3: 24.22±0.31; T1: 22.80±0.57; T2: 22.77±0.71; and T4: 21.55±0.46. It may be inferred that the treatment technique had no major impact on the eggshells physical characteristics. However, boiling treatment at 80°C for 15 min and soaking in 5% H3PO4 reduced the eggshell waste's Mg, Si, and Ca content. The addition of 0.5% NaOH immersion did not degrade Mg, Ca, and Si of eggshell waste.

Highlights

The population of poultry in Gunungkidul Regency in 2020 has increased, especially broilers
In addition to the eggshell material samples, chemicals that were used for proximate analysis included aquades, 0.5% NaOH, 5% H3PO4, and cellulose for X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) preparation
T1: shell waste was flushed with distilled water; T2: shell waste soaked in distilled water for 12 h; T3: shell waste soaked in NaOH 0.5% for 720 min; and T4: shell waste was boiled at 80°C for 15 min and soaked in 5% H3PO4

Summary

Introduction

The population of poultry in Gunungkidul Regency in 2020 has increased, especially broilers. Eggshell was part of the waste that had not been handled properly. Mittal et al (2016) explained that the largest contribution of waste is from eggshells of hatcheries. The survey conducted in Gunungkidul Regency has two hatcheries with a production capacity of 100,000 hatching eggs/month. Environmental pollution, odors, flies, and problems with eggshell waste disposal and zoonoses are negative impacts if the waste is not handled (Glatz et al, 2011; Orrico et al, 2020). According to Khairiyah (2016), zoonoses are diseases transmitted from animals to humans and vice versa. For this reason, before processing eggshell waste, it is necessary to sterilize it. Kismiati et al (2013) explained that using 3-5% phosphoric acid (H3PO4) could reduce eggshell bacteria

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Results