Abstract
The Upper No. 3 coal of the Early Permian age is a major workable seam in the southwestern Shandong coalfield, which is located in the eastern part of North China. From Early Jurassic to Neogene, the coalfield was subjected to intensive tectonic processes, leading to a significant rearrangement in depth of coal seams. In this paper, three Upper No. 3 coals occurring at −228, −670 and −938 m in the Luxi, Liangbaosi, and Tangkou mines, respectively, were collected to investigate their mineralogical and geochemical characteristics, with emphasis on modes of occurrence and origin of epigenetic minerals. The three coal seams are similar in vitrinite reflectance, volatile matter yield, and maceral components, suggesting insignificant influence from the tectonic activities on coal rank. Terrigenous minerals (e.g., kaolinite and quartz) are comparable in both types and distribution patterns in the three coals. The presence of siderite and pyrite of syngenetic or penecontemporaneous origin indicate they were emplaced during peat accumulation. The distribution of epigenetic minerals (e.g., calcite, ankerite, and dolomite) are associated with the underground water activities, which were Ca (Mg, Fe)-bearing.
Highlights
Coal mainly consists of organic matter and mineral matter [1,2]
After the third tectonic activity, graben and horst structure developed in the study area, which resulted in rearrangement of the coal-bearing strata at specific depths [11]
The coal occurs at228 m in the Luxi mine, ́670 m in the Liangbaosi mine and938 m in the Tangkou mine, respectively
Summary
Coal mainly consists of organic matter (macerals) and mineral matter (including discrete minerals and inorganic elements) [1,2]. The abundance and modes of occurrences of mineral matter are resulted from processes associated with peat accumulation and rank advance, the interaction of the organic matter with basinal fluids, sediment diagenesis, and in some cases, synsedimentary volcanic inputs [3,4,5,6,7]. After the Carboniferous-Permian periods, the southwestern Shandong area was subjected to four episodes of tectonic processes: (1) crustal uplift to Jurassic; (2) fold extrusion deformation during Jurassic and. After the third tectonic activity, graben and horst structure developed in the study area, which resulted in rearrangement of the coal-bearing strata at specific depths [11] (e.g., the Upper No 3 coals in the Luxi, Liangbaosi, and Tangkou mines occur at various depths of228, ́670 and938 m, respectively, Figure 1)
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