Mineralization induced by phosphorylated dry baker's yeast.

Yoshihiro Ojima,Mami Yoshida,Maya Kihara,Koichi Igarashi,Masayuki Azuma,Tomoko Yoshida,Mohammad A Al-Ghouti

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0239774

Abstract

We found the mineralization of Cu during long-term Cu2+ adsorption onto dry baker’s yeast cells phosphorylated using sodium cyclo-triphosphate. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed that the elemental composition of minerals were copper, phosphorus, and oxygen. Synchrotron-based X-ray absorption fine structure showed that the local structure around Cu atoms deposited on the mineral was almost identical to that of commercial copper (II) phosphate Cu3(PO4)2∙3H2O. However, the crystallinity was low, and the structure was slightly distorted. Time profile analysis using FESEM revealed that copper phosphate mineralization was first apparent on Day 3 of adsorption, whereas mineral formation plateaued at around Day 7. It seems that mineralization occurs by the local saturation of phosphate and Cu2+ on the yeast cells. Mineralization of the rare earth ion Dy3+ was also demonstrated during long-term adsorption. Mineralization on phosphorylated yeast cells appears to follow a common path for various types of metal ions and provides a promising technique for metal recovery via irreversible adsorption.

Highlights

Commercial and domestic effluent can be contaminated by a wide range of pollutants, including heavy metals and rare earth elements
Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM)-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis confirmed that copper phosphate was the mineral adsorbed
X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis showed that the local structure around Cu atoms deposited on the mineral is almost the Mineralization by phosphorylated yeast same as copper (II) phosphate

Summary

Introduction

Commercial and domestic effluent can be contaminated by a wide range of pollutants, including heavy metals and rare earth elements. Such contaminants pose a significant hazard to the health of workers and the functioning of ecosystems. Biosorption is a costeffective and relatively simple technique for removing heavy metals or rare earth elements from effluent. The biosorption process can be utilized to rapidly adsorb and concentrate metal ions from aqueous solutions, even those that are very dilute [1,2,3], and is ideal for the treatment of contaminated effluent. The baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been the subject of considerable research in biosorption.

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Conclusion