Mineral nutrients and protein composition of non-conventional food plants (Pereskia aculeata Miller, Sonchus oleraceus L. and Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott)

Abstract

Ora-pro-nóbis (Pereskia aculeata Miller), taioba (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott) and serralha (Sonchus oleraceus L.) are non-conventional food plants found in Brazil that could be included in the human diet, but they are not produced on large-scale. However, they have risen in popularity, due to their association with high nutritional values. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the mineral and protein composition of raw and cooked plants from assorted locations. The cooking process did not affect the mineral and protein results on dry mass basis. Furthermore, high variations in mineral composition were observed for different locations. Comparing the results with conventional plants composition databases, the protein content of ora-pro-nobis and taioba were significantly higher than values of spinach. Taioba was the plant that presented more minerals with higher concentrations when compared to the conventional plants. The protein contribution per serving of these plants to the Dietary Reference Intake ranged from 1.1 % to 7 %. Regarding the minerals, cooked taioba can be a source of Ca, Mg, and Cu and high in Mn (11–33 % to DRI). Cooked ora-pro-nobis can be classified as a source of Ca, Mg and Mn (16–29 % to DRI). While the contributions from serralha were less than 11 % of the DRI. These results demonstrate that these non-conventional food plants are an alternative food source that could be better exploited, improving dietary diversity.