Abstract
The polygenic mineral composition of Mn crusts from Belyaevskii Volcano of the Central Basin of the Sea of Japan is determined. The crusts are found for the first time to contain rhodochrosite, manganosite, quenselite, heterolith, manganotantalite, and tungomelane in addition to the previously described todorokite, birnessite, manganite, pyrolusite, and vernadite. Among ore minerals, the breccia crusts include magnetite, titanomagnetite, hematite, pyrite, pyrrhotine, galena, monazite, cerianite, baddeleyite, and pentlandite, while fragments of manganite have silver and numerous particles of copper gold. A significant role in the formation of the mineral composition of the crust was likely played by pore waters involved in the hydrothermal process and organic matter (OM) of the Miocene–Quaternary siliceous–argillaceous strata, which served as the source of many rare and noble metals and affected the redox conditions of mineral formation.
Published Version
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