Mind Control

Abstract

This article focuses on the research and development work conducted by teams to develop a state-of-the-art brain–machine interface (BMI). BMI is composed of a series of computer chips and electrodes implanted directly into the human brain. It allows individuals with tetraplegia, a type of spinal cord injury that results in a lack of movement and feeling to all four limbs, to operate a robotic arm—and do so by thought alone. In order to create usable systems, designers of brain–machine interfaces also need to incorporate sensory feedback. Experts believe that researchers need to develop medically safe, biocompatible, and cost-effective materials and system components. A working system must be smart enough to self-correct from error states, like a self-driving car. It should also be available off the shelf, and be able to easily and effortlessly calibrate itself to the individual brains that will run it. Engineers need to focus on how a brain-controlled prosthetic might actually be used to promote rehabilitation and activities of daily living.