Abstract

The impact of atmospheric attenuation on wireless communication links is much more severe and complicated in tropical regions. That is due to the extreme temperatures, intense humidity, foliage and higher precipitation rain rates with large raindrop sizes. This paper investigates the propagation of the mm-waves at the 38 GHz link based on real measurement data collected from outdoor microcellular systems in Malaysia. The rainfall rate and received signal level have been measured simultaneously in 1-minute time intervals for one year over a 300 m path length. The rain attenuation distributions at different percentages of exceedance time have been compared with the modified distance factor of the ITU-R P.530-17 model. The average link availability calculated with the measured rain rates has been analysed. Additionally, the key propagation channel parameters such as the path loss, path loss exponent, Rician K-factor, root mean square, delay spread and received power have been investigated considering the rain attenuation. These propagation channel parameters have been analysed using MATLAB software and explained with the help of the latest NYUSIM channel model software package (Version 2.0). The analysis results have been classified considering rain attenuation, antenna setup, link distances, antenna height and antenna gain. The outcomes revealed that the rain fade predicted by applying the modified distance factor provides high consistency with the measured fade in Malaysia and several available measurements from different locations. The large-scale path loss model in the NYUSIM simulation result was around 126.23 dB by considering the rain attenuation effects on the 300m path length. This work shows that the NYUSIM channel model offers more accurate rendering results of path loss for omnidirectional and directional antenna transmissions without rain fade. This study proves that the ability to provide good coverage and ultra-reliable communication for outdoor and outdoor-to-indoor applications during rain in tropical regions must be sufficiently addressed.

Highlights

  • The use of high millimetre-wave bands for future outdoor and indoor cellular systems has gained much interest in recent years

  • The brief key contributions of this work can be summarised and listed in points as in the following: - This study has investigated the propagation of mm-waves link at 38 GHz link based on real measurement data collected from outdoor (UMi) systems in Malaysia

  • - this study investigated the effect of rain attenuation on large-scale mm-wave channel propagation characteristics by utilising MATLAB software with an mm-wave channel simulator NYUSIM software package (Version 2.0)

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Summary

INTRODUCTION

The use of high millimetre-wave (mm-wave) bands for future outdoor and indoor cellular systems has gained much interest in recent years. The NYUSIM simulator has been employed to explore the effectiveness of the proposed channel model simulator and characterise the impact of rain attenuation on large-scale parameters of the mm-wave propagation channel in tropical climates. The brief key contributions of this work can be summarised and listed in points as in the following: - This study has investigated the propagation of mm-waves link at 38 GHz link based on real measurement data collected from outdoor (UMi) systems in Malaysia. - These results can be used for a large-scale channel model in link budgets to estimate: transmitted power, antenna gains and the number of antenna elements required for beamforming technic, receiver characteristics (e.g., noise figure), and link distance, determine the coverage area by considering rain attenuation characteristics in tropical regions like Malaysia.

STATISTICAL SPATIAL CHANNEL MODEL
PARAMETERS FOR CHANNEL ESTIMATION
POWER DELAY PROFILE
MEASUREMENTS OF RAIN RATE AND RAIN ATTENUATION
RAIN ATTENUATION MEASUREMENTS
ATTENUATION VERSUS RAIN RATE
RAIN ATTENUATION PREDICTION METHOD FOR MM-WAVE OVER A SHORT PATH LENGTH
LINK AVAILABILITY AND FADE MARGIN CALCULATION
Findings
VIII. Conclusion
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