Abstract
In the article, the authors analyse the relationship of political processes, migration policy and national security of the state. The methodological basis of the research is dialectical, comparative and institutional methods. The dialectical method revealed the dynamics, current regularities and contradictions in the formation of the state migration policy. The comparative method contributed to identify characteristic features of the migration policy formation of some EU countries and Russia, taking into account the transformation of political systems. The institutional method allowed exploring the interaction of public authorities with other institutions of civil society. In order to process the empirical evidence, quantitative and qualitative research methods were used. The factors of the migration attractiveness of the state, the stages of the migration process and migration risks are considered. In this regard, special attention is paid to the migration crisis in modern Europe. It also analyses the growth factors of the popularity of right-populist parties and the idea of the sovereign migration policy of individual member states of the European Union. Special attention is paid to the description of the implementation plan for the “Prague Process” mechanisms on the example of the integration mechanisms of migrants to Austria and the Czech Republic, the participation of government bodies and civil society institutions in these mechanisms. Some features of the migration system of the Russian Federation are also considered in the context of ensuring national security. The research presents and analyses some statistical data on migration in Russia and global migration in the world.
Highlights
There are certain criteria of a state that could be considered quite attractive to immigrants: the existing needs of the labour market, which is not filled by internal resources; various crises in the countries of origin of migrants, as well as historically developed ethno-cultural migration routes
The most important condition for effective social adaptation and subsequent integration into the society of foreign citizens is that the Russian Federation recognizes the knowledge of the language of the host state, the fundamentals of the state-legal structure, values, history, cultural traditions and norms of behaviour
Special attention is paid to the mechanisms for protecting national security, as well as preventing the use of the Russian Federation as one of transit points in migration flows to Europe (Voloch, Suvorova, 2017: 49). This condition is achieved through the implementation of intergovernmental agreements on readmission, which have been concluded by Russia with all the states of the European Union, the states of the former Soviet Union and China, Vietnam and some other states
Summary
In addition to the existing demand in labour market and demographic changes, migration is increasingly perceived as a need, not an opportunity. There are certain criteria of a state that could be considered quite attractive to immigrants: the existing needs of the labour market, which is not filled by internal resources; various crises in the countries of origin of migrants, as well as historically developed ethno-cultural migration routes. Increased migration flows to some extent makes it possible to level the existing deficit in the labour market, while migration to economically prosperous European countries on a modern scale clearly reveals certain risks, including the risks of illegal migration. Taking into account the current political and economic situation in the world, global processes of people movement related to illegal migration could be attributed to the main challenges and threats to the stability and security of states and their political systems. Considering that, in terms of profitability, illegal business connected with the movement of migrants, ranks third after drugs and arms smuggling, one should pay increased attention to countering crimes in this area
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