MIGRATION AS A SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC FACTOR OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Abstract

The main current trends of migration processes are considered in the article: increase of volumes and expansion of migration geography, appearance of new types of migrants, expansion of forced migration, feminization of migration movements, solution of employment problems in the country. Migration theories are described, on which most empirical research is currently being built. Currently, there is no universally recognized theory of migration, certain patterns have been revealed, the causes and tendencies in the development of migration processes have been described, which are realized in the context of the awareness of the importance of improving the quality of human capital. The founder of migration theory is considered to be the English geographer E. Ravenstein, who at the very end of the nineteenth century. Formulated the "laws of migration". Many of the considered regularities do remain relevant to this day. The main postulate of this theory of migration is economic reasons. The neoclassical theory of migration proceeds from the existence of free competition and a perfect market of factors of production. A theory was developed to explain labor migration in the process of economic development. This theory characterizes migration processes at both the macro and micro levels. To overcome the shortcomings of the neoclassical theory of migration, a dual labor market theory was developed, according to which international migration flows from the labor market's own needs of a modern industrial society. The article also describes the construction of models of state management of migration processes.