Abstract
In January 2001, 800 undocumented immigrants (mostly from Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Morocco and sub-Saharan Africa) staged sit-ins (encierros) at 10 churches for 47 days in the city of Barcelona. At the same time, other coordinated protests took place in other parts of Spain (Madrid, Valencia, Almeria, Murcia). The objective was clear: to resist the immigration law that discriminated, criminalized and condemned undocumented immigrants to an unlawful status. After three months of encierros, massive demonstrations and even hunger strikes, the Spanish Government was forced to negotiate the agreement of 8th March, and to open an extraordinary regularization process. During those three months of struggle, the resistance was shaped among different legal orders: human rights, transnational law, state immigration law, customary law from the immigrants’ origin, (religious) natural law and insurgent law. This paper aims to observe how the interaction of these different legal orders was used to achieve legal change and, ultimately, another way of constructing citizenship.
Published Version
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