Mid-term outcomes of mothers of gestational diabetes mellitus 3-4 years postpartum

Abstract

Objective To determine effects on mothers of gestational diabetes on their future anthropometry and metabolic risks. Methods We conducted a follow-up study of 222 women who delivered in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of First Hospital of Peking University from June 2006 to Dec 2007.The selected cases consisted of 124 women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) and 98 women with normal glucose metabolism(control group). The follow-up study was performed from Nov 2010 to Feb 2011, anthropometry indexes include height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and body fat. Laboratory tests include fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins, insulin and C-peptide. Results (1)Compared with control mothers, GDM mothers had higher body weight((61±10) vs (59±9) kg, t=2.023, P<0.05), waist circumference(WC)((78±9) vs (76±8) cm, t=2.229, P<0.05)and body fat(34.3% vs 31.4%, t=3.102, P<0.05). Serum fasting glucose((5.3±0.8) vs (4.9±0.3) mmol/L, t=5.369, P<0.001), triglyceride ((1.1±0.6) vs (0.9±0.4) mmol/L, t=2.346, P<0.05)and HOMA-IS(0.077±0.029 vs 0.086±0.029, t=-2.221, P<0.05)level had significant differences between two groups. (2) GDM mothers had higher proportion on WC≥80 cm(37.1% vs 24.5%, χ2=4.03, P<0.05), Fasting glucose ≥6.1 mmol/L(7.4% vs 1.0%, χ2=5.05, P<0.05), DBP≥85 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa, 16.9% vs 6.1%, χ2=5.991, P<0.05)and metabolic syndrome(13.2% vs 5.2%, χ2=4.026, P<0.05)than control mothers. Conclusions GDM pregnancies led to increased conversion to glucose intolerance in mothers, GDM mothers have increased risk of central adiposity, lower insulin sensitivity, impaired glucose intolerance, Hyperlipidemia and metabolic syndrome at 3-4 years after delivery than control mothers. Key words: Gestational diabetes mellitus; Outcome; Glycometabolism; Lipid metabolism