Abstract
Wireless and mobile communications, as well as the development of RF and microwave test and measuring equipment are the most commanding drivers of RF technology during the last few years. Oscillators belong to the key elements of such analog and digital systems. Day by day demand for higher bandwidth and frequencies in wireless and wire line applications continues to leap. This is increasing the burden on the RF industry to provide smaller size, lower power consumption, marginal cost, higher performance, higher functionality and rapidly new designs of RF and microwave components. Oscillators are the significant components of many communications, navigation, surveillance or test and measurement system. They provide a critical clocking function for high speed digital systems, generate electromagnetic energy for radiation, enable frequency up and down conversion when used as local oscillators and also act as a reference source for system synchronization. The market forces are motivating designers and developers to improve the performance of microwave components up to millimeter waves. This article reviews the developments in the field of microwave oscillators.
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