Microvascular hemodynamics in experimental arthritis: Disparity between the distribution of microspheres and plasma flow in bone

Abstract

The microcirculation in normal and arthritic juxtaarticular bone was studied in 16 young dogs with carragheenan-induced arthritis of one knee. The regional blood flow was determined by the tissue uptake of intracardially injected 15-μm 141Ce-labeled microspheres, and the microvascular plasma volume was determined by the distribution space of circulating 125I-fibrinogen. Disparities between the distribution of plasma flow and microspheres, introduced by plasma skimming or nonentrapment of spheres in the intraosseous circulation, were estimated by 59Fe-transferrin, a third intravascular tracer, injected as a bolus intracardially and trapped peripherally after 15 sec by prompt circulatory arrest. The tissue uptake of the plasma flow tracer was compared to that of microspheres by the ratio between observed and expected activity of 59Fe-transferrin, the expected activity being calculated from the microsphere distribution. The transferrin and microsphere uptake agreed well in patella, marginal epiphyseal bone, and cortical bone, whereas observed activity of transferrin was twice the expected in central epiphyseal bone, three times higher in marrow, and up to eightfold higher in metaphyses adjacent to growth plates. This discrepancy was significantly greater in arthritic bone when the metaphyses were examined in toto. The microsphere method thus appears to underestimate blood flow to cancellous bone and marrow due to uneven distribution of plasma and formed elements from profound plasma skimming and perhaps also by AV shunting.