Microstructure, Optical, and Electrical Properties of Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) and Ba1−xNdxTiO3 Thin Films Deposited by Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD) Method

Abstract

Barium titanate (BaTiO3) and Ba1−xNdxTiO3 thin films used by chemical solution deposition method and prepared with spin-coating technique. The thin films of BaTiO3 and Ba1−xNdxTiO3 were grown on a quartz and silicon (Si) substrate. The research aim is to get the best of mole variation of Nd doping to ferroelectric material properties. Doping Nd was varied at 5, 10% in BaTiO3. The thin films were annealed at 850 °C with one hour holding time. The crystal structure, optical and electrical properties of BaTiO3 and Ba1−xNdxTiO3 have been investigated. The microstructure of BaTiO3 and Ba1−xNdxTiO3 were analyzed using XRD equipment, which showed that BaTiO3 and Ba1−xNdxTiO3 crystal had a perovskite shape. The addition mole dopant (x) neodymium (Nd3+), the diffraction angle of the XRD results were seen shifting to the right. As the mole dopant (x) Nd increased, so crystallinity from the Ba1−xNdxTiO3 thin films decreased. The crystallite size of BaTiO3, Ba0.95Nd0.05TiO3, and Ba0.9Nd0.1TiO3 were 70; 21; 28 nm. The addition mole dopant (x) Nd3+ resulted in smaller grain sizes but it did not significantly affect thickness. The greater the addition mole dopant (x) Nd, the smaller the band-gap produced. The results of the IV characterization showed that the Ba1−xNdxTiO3 thin films had a response to light and photovoltaic effects.