Microstructural features of the thyroid gland in far eastern region goiter endemic zone inhabitants

Abstract

Background. At present, the use of informative integration criteria for assessing the ecological well-being of the populations health is relevant. Monitoring of the morphofunctional parameters of the thyroid gland and its functional indices in inhabitants of different regions makes it possible to control the degree of tension of adaptive reserves in response to environmental influences.
 Aim. Establishment of the features of the morphofunctional status of the thyroid parenchyma in inhabitants of the territory endemic for goiter in the Far East region.
 Material and methods. 168 sectional thyroid glands without morphological signs of tissue pathology were used. Approaches were applied taking into account the age periodization of a person, depending on the mass of the gland and colloid-epithelial relations of the thyroid tissue (I epithelial, II epithelial, colloid types of glands). The qualitative and quantitative characteristics of thyroid gland macro- and microanatomy were studied.
 Results. Based on cluster analysis, three morphological groups (types) of thyroid glands were identified: colloidal (61.9%), I epithelial (33.3%), II epithelial (4.7%). In the discriminant analysis, structural components that determine the assignment of the gland to a specific type (hormonal colloid and interfollicular epithelium) were established. In normal-weight glands, variants of the histostructure of colloidal and epithelial type I were equally found. For hypertrophied glands, the morphology of the colloidal type was characteristic (86.67%), the I epithelial type was slightly expressed (13.33%) and the II epithelial type was practically not found. It is determined that in the age aspect the colloidal type is the leading one.
 Conclusion. Two factors morphological stability and functional activity, have been established, which can be considered as informative markers of compensatory-adaptive reactions and the level of activity of the thyroid tissue of far eastern region goiter endemic zone inhabitants.