Abstract
Frazil particles, ice crystals or slushy granules that form in turbulent water, change the freezing properties of ice to create “frazil ice”. To understand the microstructural characteristics of these particles and the physical properties of frazil ice in greater depth, an in situ sampler was designed to collect frazil particles in the Yellow River. The ice crystal microstructural characteristics of the frazil particles (morphology, size, air bubble, and sediment) were observed under a microscope, and their nucleation mechanism was analyzed according to its microstructure. The physical properties of frazil ice (ice crystal microstructure, air bubble, ice density, and sediment content) were also observed. The results showed that these microstructures of frazil particles can be divided into four types: granular, dendritic, needle-like, and serrated. The size of the measured frazil particles ranged from 0.1 to 25 mm. Compared with columnar ice, the crystal microstructure of frazil ice is irregular, with a mean crystal diameter less than 5 mm extending in all directions. The crystal grain size and ice density of frazil ice are smaller than columnar ice, but the bubble and sediment content are larger.
Highlights
IntroductionThe existence of frazil particles contributes greatly to the formation and evolution of river ice sheets [1]
The ice conditions of the Yellow River are complex, and it is necessary to the physical properties of Yellow River ice, which is of great significance for further understand the physical properties of Yellow River ice, which is of great significance for study
The microstructural characteristics of frazil particles and the physical frazil ice in the Yellow River were observed in this work, and the main conclusions are properties ofbelow
Summary
The existence of frazil particles contributes greatly to the formation and evolution of river ice sheets [1] Do they influence the ice physical properties, but they may cause disasters such as ice jams, formed after the frazil ice accumulation, and ice discs, which can reduce the cross-sectional area of a river and further intensify riverbed scouring [2]. They can raise upstream water levels, which may cause significant flooding [3,4] and the destruction of dykes [5]. Frazil ice poses a threat to bottom fauna [6] and hydraulic structures [7]
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