Abstract
We study the microscopic origin of nonlocality in dense granular media. Discrete element simulations reveal that macroscopic shear results from a balance between microscopic elementary rearrangements occurring in opposite directions. The effective macroscopic fluidity of the material is controlled by these velocity fluctuations, which are responsible for nonlocal effects in quasistatic regions. We define a new micromechanically based unified constitutive law describing both quasistatic and inertial regimes, valid for different system configurations.
Highlights
We study the microscopic origin of nonlocality in dense granular media
Discrete element simulations reveal that macroscopic shear results from a balance between microscopic elementary rearrangements occurring in opposite directions
The effective macroscopic fluidity of the material is controlled by these velocity fluctuations, which are responsible for nonlocal effects in quasistatic regions
Summary
We study the microscopic origin of nonlocality in dense granular media. Discrete element simulations reveal that macroscopic shear results from a balance between microscopic elementary rearrangements occurring in opposite directions. The effective macroscopic fluidity of the material is controlled by these velocity fluctuations, which are responsible for nonlocal effects in quasistatic regions. In a previous paper [10], we showed the existence of a unique local relation between the friction coefficient μ, the inertial number I, and normalized velocity fluctuations in both solid and fluidlike regimes.
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