Abstract
The presence of nanomaterials (NMs) in the environment may represent a serious risk to human health, especially in a scenario of chronic exposure. To evaluate the potential relationship between NM-induced epigenetic alterations and carcinogenesis, the present study analyzed a panel of 33 miRNAs related to the cell transformation process in BEAS-2B cells transformed by TiO2NP and long-term MWCNT exposure. Our battery revealed a large impact on miRNA expression profiling in cells exposed to both NMs. From this analysis, a small set of five miRNAs (miR-23a, miR-25, miR-96, miR-210, and miR-502) were identified as informative biomarkers of the transforming effects induced by NM exposures. The usefulness of this reduced miRNA battery was further validated in other previously generated transformed cell systems by long-term exposure to other NMs (CoNP, ZnONP, MSiNP, and CeO2NP). Interestingly, the five selected miRNAs were consistently overexpressed in all cell lines and NMs tested. These results confirm the suitability of the proposed set of mRNAs to identify the potential transforming ability of NMs. Particular attention should be paid to the epigenome and especially to miRNAs for hazard assessment of NMs, as wells as for the study of the underlying mechanisms of action.
Highlights
The nanotechnology industry is constantly producing new nanomaterials (NMs) with potential applicability in many fields
We have recently shown that following long-term exposure to nanoceria, bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells acquire an oncogenic phenotype characterized by an increased cell-invasion capacity and tumorsphere-formation ability [15]
The differences in size observed between TEM and Dynamic light scattering (DLS) for TiO2 NP are indicative of a certain degree of aggregation shown by this nanomaterial, as observed in TEM figures and in the polydispersion index value (0.4 ± 0.1)
Summary
The nanotechnology industry is constantly producing new nanomaterials (NMs) with potential applicability in many fields. Their presence in our environment has substantially increased in recent years [1]. Due to their high surface-to-volume ratio, NMs show high biological reactivity when interacting with different cellular molecules and have the potential to induce adverse effects on any exposed organism, including humans [2]. A long-term exposure approach is required when evaluating the carcinogenic potential of a given compound. Such an experimental exposure scenario is not frequently
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