Nanomaterials for Toxicity Constraints and Risk Assessment

Abstract

Nanotechnology is one of the quickest developing fields dealing and controlling matter within approximately 1–100 nm in size dimensions. These small and unique sizes of nanomaterials (NMs) enable them to use in various novel fields including biomedical, consumer products as well as industrial products. Recent scientific reports demonstrate that the assembly and utilization of NMs are increased in consumer products. Extensive use of NMs has enhanced the exposure frequency of NMs in our daily life. Therefore, the toxicity constraints and risk assessment of NMs found in the living environment is an area of hike in scientific concern. The information and data provided in this chapter are acquired from the literature. It shows that NMs determined in our surroundings may also have conceivable toxicological results. However, the recent studies on the toxicological effects of NMs are non-identical. These studies can be applied in-vivo, in-vitro, and in-silico test systems, diverse sources of test NMs, and various techniques for the characterization of NMs under experimental conditions. Therefore, available information is hard to illustrate. More studies on NMs related to toxicity, biological interaction, and impact on human health are expected. The available test methods for risk assessment of NMs require verification. Therefore, basic information is not presently accessible for risk assessment of various NMs that might be carried in different industrial and consumer products, or these NMs may enter into the environment and market in near future. Established and accurate test methods are required for the risk assessment of NMs. Therefore, in the lack of well-optimized and validated test methods, any concrete regulatory testing conditions for NMs are presently premature. In the present chapter, we wrap up the physicochemical characteristics, route of nanomaterial exposures, and various test methods used for the risk assessment of nanomaterials on human health.