Abstract
As a critical evolutionary pivot between invertebrates and vertebrates, lampreys provide rich genetic information. Lamprey immune protein (LIP) is a key immune regulator. MicroRNAs, well-conserved in the response to immunological stress, remain understudied in lamprey immunity. We generated a lamprey microRNA expression atlas, using deep sequencing, upon Vibrio anguillarum infection. Using comparative methods, we found that miR-4561 potentially regulates innate immunity via interaction with lip. We found a sequence in the 3′-UTR region of LIP mRNA complementary to the miR-4561 seed region; miR-4561 expression was negatively correlated with LIP. During V. anguillarum infection, miR-4561 inhibited LIP expression and bacterial clearance. Notably, LIP expression in supraneural body cells was necessary for the Gram-negative immune response. Additionally, we observed that overexpression of miR-4561 induced apoptosis in embryonic cells, suggesting a role in embryonic development. Collectively, we show lamprey microRNAs may significantly affect gene regulation and provide new insights on LIP-mediated immune regulation.
Highlights
As a critical evolutionary pivot between invertebrates and vertebrates, lampreys provide rich genetic information
In our previous study we suggested that Lamprey immune protein (LIP) can up-regulate the expression of caspase 1, RIPK1, and RIP3 to trigger pyroptosis and necroptosis, hypothesizing that LIP is an immune factor involved in host immunity[16], a complete description of LIP functions and regulation is still lacking
To investigate the miRNA expression profiles in leukocytes of the lamprey Lampetra morii before and after the infection with V. anguillarum, we generated three small RNA libraries obtained from normal lampreys and V. anguillarum-infected lampreys collected after 8 hours (h) and 17 days (d) of infection
Summary
As a critical evolutionary pivot between invertebrates and vertebrates, lampreys provide rich genetic information. In a 2010 study, the authors generated small RNA libraries from ammocoete larvae of the brook lamprey (Lampetra planeri) and nine tissues (brain, gills, gut, heart, kidney, liver, mouth, muscle, and skin) of a single sea lamprey adult (Petromyzon marinus)[15]. They found that miRNA expression patterns were conserved and comparable to miRNA found in hagfish and gnathostomes. The aim of the study was to perform a comparative analysis of miRNA expression during bacterial infection and identify potential regulators of the immune response
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