Abstract
Aim: To investigate the protective effect of dantonic in ischemic myocardial damage by evaluating the expression of circulating microvesicles (MVs) and microRNA-1 (miR-1) in two animal models.Methods: Two animal models of myocardial ischemia were established that were isoproterenol-induced myocardial ischemia (ISO-AMI) rat model and the acute myocardial infarction rat model induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD-AMI) of rat. To investigate the protective effect of dantonic, we observed the myocardial infarction size, creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, cardiac troponin I (cTnI) level in serum, and the plasma levels of miR-1 and MVs.Results: The results showed that pretreatment with dantonic significantly attenuated the LAD-AMI induced myocardial damage by decreasing the size of myocardial infarction, CK, LDH, AST activities, and cTnI level in serum. High dose dantonic treatment could significantly abrogate the increased plasma levels of miR-1 and MVs as compared to the LAD rat model. In addition, pretreatment with dantonic also showed a significant myocardial protective effect through reducing the expression levels of CK, LDH, and AST as compared to the ISO-AMI model. Whereas the cTnI level was no significant difference between model group and control group, suggesting that the model caused less myocardial damage. In the ISO-induced myocardial ischemia model, there is no significant difference between the model group with the control group of MVs and miR-1 levels. This may be that miR-1 is reported as a biomarker of acute myocardial infarction. The pathological changes of IOS-induced acute myocardial ischemia model are also different from those of acute myocardial infarction.Conclusion: Dantonic showed the protective effect in these two ischemic myocardial injury rat models, whereas the circulating miR-1 and MVs levels were only ameliorated in the LAD rat model.
Highlights
Acute myocardial infarction remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the most developed countries worldwide
Dantonic, consisting of Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM), Panax notoginseng (PN), and Borneol, is a widely used traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) for treating ischemic angina pectoris, and has recently finished the phase III clinical trial assessment by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2016, and the results showed Dantonic safe and effective treatment of chronic stable angina
Two rat models were established in this experiment including isoproterenol-induced myocardial ischemia (ISO-AMI) and the acute myocardial infarction rat model induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD-AMI) of rat
Summary
Acute myocardial infarction remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the most developed countries worldwide. According to the Chinese Cardiovascular Disease Report 2016, the number of patients with cardiovascular disease in China is about 290 million, among which the 11 million are with coronary heart disease, acute myocardial infarction mortality rate of 110 people/100,000 people. Various chemical drugs, such as β-blockers, nitrate preparations, and calcium antagonists, have been used for treatment of AMI. Long-term use of these chemical drugs might result in significant side effects, such as hypertension and bradycardia (Hlatky et al, 2014). Whereas the significant effects of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) are becoming more popular (Xin et al, 2013), and they are advantageous for treatment of AMI (Liu et al, 2011)
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