Abstract
With the advance of semiconductor scaling, smaller devices become more vulnerable to an SEU (single event upset, i.e. neutron hit etc.) and operating margin of the circuits is reduced both due to reduced operating voltage and larger process variations. Robust circuit design alone cannot solve these problems. Micro-architectural techniques for avoiding defects and error detection and correction microarchitecure can significantly reduce the probability of failure and enhance the yield and the reliable operation of a microprocessor. The failure mechanisms of nanometer class semiconductor VLSI circuits are described as a background. Then concept and methods of error detection and correction are described, followed by microarchitecture/logic design error detection and recovery techniques. Commercial microprocessors using error detection and recovery techniques are also presented.
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