Microplastics in Granular Sequencing Batch Reactors: Effects on Pollutant Removal Dynamics and the Microbial Community

Abstract

This study investigated the relationship between microplastic (MP) presence and pollutant removal in granular sludge sequencing batch reactors (GSBRs). Two types of MPs, polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), were introduced in varying concentrations to assess their effects on microbial community dynamics and rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic compound removal. The study revealed type-dependent variations in the deposition of MPs within the biomass, with PET-MPs exhibiting a stronger affinity for accumulation in biomass. A 50mg/L dose of PET-MP decreased COD removal efficiency by approximately 4% while increasing P-PO4 removal efficiency by around 7% compared to the control reactor. The rate of nitrogen compounds removal decreased with higher PET-MP dosages but increased with higher PE-MP dosages. An analysis of microbial activity and gene abundance highlighted the influence of MPs on the expression of the nosZ and ppk1 genes, which code enzymes responsible for nitrogen and phosphorus transformations. The study also explored shifts in microbial community structure, revealing alterations with changes in MP dose and type. This research contributes valuable insights into the complex interactions between MP, microbial communities, and pollutant removal processes in GSBR systems, with implications for the sustainable management of wastewater treatment in the presence of MP. Environmental implicationThe presence of microplastics (MPs) in wastewater is a major environmental concern. Our research shows that MPs not only accumulate in biomass but also interfere with the efficiency of wastewater treatment processes in granular sludge aerobic reactors (GSBR). This highlights the hazardous nature of MPs, as they affect the dynamics of pollutant removal and microbial community activity. Understanding these interactions is critical to addressing the environmental problems posed by MP in wastewater treatment systems. By identifying the effects of MP on GSBR performance, our work helps development of strategies to mitigate their negative effects and thus improve the effectiveness of wastewater treatment processes.