Abstract
Microphthalmus hamosus sp.n. is described from Florida and North Carolina, USA. Striking characters as body shape, parapod construction, setation and shape of the anal plate can be referred to a close interspecific relationship with a macrofauna species: one specimen was found on Sipunculus nudus. The phylogenetic-systematic position of the new species within the genus is discussed. The speciation process leading to a niche outside the interstitial biotope included a secondary increase in body size and number of segments. Dollo's law is applicable on the sctation: setae which have been lost in the previous adaptation to interstitial life do not reappear.
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