Micronutrient and Silicon Uptake and Removal by Upland Rice Cultivars with Different Plant Architecture

Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol,Adalton Mazetti Fernandes,Antonio Carlos De Almeida Carmeis Filho,Rita De Cássia Félix Alvarez

doi:10.1590/18069657rbcs20150116

Abstract

Upland rice cultivars manifest different nutritional demands. A field study was conducted to quantify the extraction, distribution, and removal of micronutrients and silicon by the upland rice cultivars. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block-split plot design. Plots consisted of three cultivars (Caiapo – traditional, BRS Primavera – intermediate, and Maravilha – modern) of upland rice. Split-plots consisted of plant samplings, which occurred at 39, 46, 55, 67, 75, 83, 92, 102, 111, 118, and 125 days after emergence (DAE). Up to the end of tillering (46 DAE), all cultivars exhibited low demand for most micronutrients and Si, and took up less than 24 % of the total B, Cu, and Si, but around 31 % of the total Zn. The period of greatest uptake of micronutrients and Si occurred from 65 to 80 DAE in the Caiapo and BRS Primavera cultivars, and after 80 DAE in the Maravilha cultivar. The Caiapo and BRS Primavera cultivars took up their necessary demand of B, Mn, and Fe in the first 98 DAE and Cu, Zn, and Si up to 105 DAE, but the Maravilha cultivar took up these nutrients for two to three weeks longer. The quantities of micronutrients and Si taken up by cultivars Caiapo, BRS Primavera, and Maravilha did not exhibit large differences, and these cultivars took up between 98-135 g B, 103-110 g Cu, 1,157-1,460 g Fe, 1,278-1,424 g Mn, 240-285 g Zn, and 111-124 kg Si per hectare. The BRS Primavera cultivar showed greater removal of nutrients, with average amounts per hectare of 19.7 g B, 25.8 g Cu, 200 g Fe, 234.2 g Mn, 102.4 g Zn, and 32.6 kg Si, while the other cultivars removed smaller amounts per hectare (14.4 g B, 19.9 g Cu, 160.7 g Fe, 136.3 g Mn, 67 g Zn, and 21.9 kg Si). The BRS Primavera showed a greater removal of nutrients because it has a higher yield and allocates a greater quantity of nutrients to the panicles.

Highlights

The development of modern type of rice cultivar, adapted to dryland or irrigated production systems, has been an excellent strategy for maximizing Brazilian production of this cereal crop
In the first 46 days after emergence (DAE), the accumulation of most micronutrients and Si in the stem + sheath did not differ between the cultivars, and represented approximately 10, 21, 46, 41, 24, and 22 % of the total amounts of B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Si accumulated in this plant structure, respectively (Figures 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a, and 6a)
From 75 to 100 DAE, the Caiapó cultivar accumulated between 1.3-1.4-fold more Cu, Fe, and Si in the stem + sheath than the other cultivars, but after 100 DAE, the accumulation of all the nutrients in the stem + sheath of this cultivar did not differ from the Maravilha cultivar (Figures 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a, and 6a)

Summary

Introduction

The development of modern type of rice cultivar, adapted to dryland or irrigated production systems, has been an excellent strategy for maximizing Brazilian production of this cereal crop. The rice cultivars used in this production system may have variable grain yields as a result of differences in the redistribution of assimilates among the plant organs throughout the period of development (Alvarez et al, 2012). Intermediate cultivars like BRS Primavera are the result of crosses between traditional and modern cultivars, and their main characteristics are a shorter plant and better grain quality (Santos et al, 2006) These modern cultivars represent an excellent alternative in composing crop rotation programs in Cerrado (Brazilian tropical savanna) areas under no-tillage systems where intensive cropping of soybean, maize, and cotton prevails (Moraes, 1990; Guimarães and Yokoyama, 1998; Guimarães and Stone, 2004)

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