Abstract
Optimization of drug delivery through human skin is important in modern therapy. With limitations of oral drug delivery, pain and needle phobias associated with traditional injections drug delivery research has focused on transdermal delivery route. A new approach to transdermal delivery that acts as a bridge between the user friendless of patches and the broad effectiveness of hypodermic needles has recently received attention.by using needles of micron dimensions, termed microneedles, skin can be pierced to effectively deliver the drugs, The mechanism of action is based on temporary mechanical disruption of skin. The drug, in the form of biomolecules, is encapsulated within the micro needles, which are then inserted into the skin in the same way a drug like nitroglycerine is released into the bloodstream from a patch. The needles dissolve within minutes, releasing the trapped cargo at the intended delivery site. The present review focus on various studies related to micro needles for transdermal drug delivery and technology applications in various fields.
Highlights
INTRODUCTIONConsiderable interest has arisen regarding Microporation technologies that create micronizedmicro channelsor micro poresin the skin by using technologies such as laser ablation, thermal or radiofrequency ablation, or mechanical microneedles.[1]
Considerable interest has arisen regarding Microporation technologies that create micronizedmicro channelsor micro poresin the skin by using technologies such as laser ablation, thermal or radiofrequency ablation, or mechanical microneedles.[1]. Researchers have described these minimally invasive technologies as third-generation technologies that will have a significant impact on medicine [2]Microneedles, a microstructure transdermalsystem, consists of an array of micro structuredprojections coated with a drug or vaccine that isapplied to the skin to provide intradermal deliveryof active agents, which otherwise would notcross the stratum corneum.[3]They are generally one micron in diameter andrange from 1100 microns in length.These have been fabricated with variousmaterials such as: metals, silicon, silicon dioxide,polymers, glass and other materials
The major advantage of microneedles overtraditional needles is, when it is inserted into theskin it does not pass the stratum corneum, whichis the outer 10-15 μm of the skin
Summary
Considerable interest has arisen regarding Microporation technologies that create micronizedmicro channelsor micro poresin the skin by using technologies such as laser ablation, thermal or radiofrequency ablation, or mechanical microneedles.[1]. The major advantage of microneedles overtraditional needles is, when it is inserted into theskin it does not pass the stratum corneum, whichis the outer 10-15 μm of the skin. Conventionalneedles which do pass this layer of skin mayeffectively transmit the drug but may lead toinfection and pain. As for microneedles they canbe fabricated to be long enough to penetrate thestratum corneum, but short enough not topuncture nerve endings. Solid microneedlescould eventually be used with drug patches toincrease diffusion rates; solid-increasepermeability by poking holes in skin, rub drugover area, or coat needles with drug. Arrays of hollow needles could beused to continuously carry drugs into the bodyusing simple diffusion or a pump system. Verysmall microneedles could provide highlytargeted drug administration to individual cells.These are capable of very accurate dosing,complex release patterns, local delivery andbiological drug stability enhancement bystoring in a micro volume that can be preciselycontrolled. [5]
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