Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) are a focus of drug delivery research due to their distinct advantages over oral and parenteral drug delivery systems. Researchers have focused on the use of microneedles to break through the stratum corneum barrier. The drug is delivered into the epidermis via microneedles, which do not disrupt nerve endings. This review discusses recent advances in the development of microneedles for the benefit of young scientists and to promote research in the field.Microneedles are made with a microelectromechanical system that includes silicon, metals, polymers, or polysaccharides. To pierce the superficial skin layer, solid coated microneedles can be used, followed by drug delivery. Advances in microneedle research have resulted in the development of dissolvable/degradable and hollow microneedles capable of delivering drugs at higher doses and engineering drug release. When used in conjunction with hollow microneedles, iontophoresis, sonophoresis, and electrophoresis can be used to modify drug delivery. Microneedles can deliver macromolecules like insulin, growth hormones, immunobiological, proteins, and peptides.
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