Micromechanical properties of amorphous carbon coatings deposited by different deposition techniques

Abstract

Amorphous carbon coatings about 20 nm thick are commonly used as an overcoat on magnetic thin-film rigid disks and tape and disk head surfaces to improve their wear performance. In this study, we deposited amorphous carbon coatings with thicknesses ranging from 20 to 400 nm on single-crystal silicon substrates by four deposition processes: cathodic arc, ion beam deposition, r.f.-plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, and r.f. sputtering. R.f.-sputtered SiC coatings were also deposited for comparison. The hardness, elastic modulus, and scratch resistance of these coatings were measured by nanoindentation and microscratching using a nanoindenter. The cathodic arc carbon coatings followed by sputtered SiC coatings exhibited the highest hardness, elastic modulus, scratch resistance/adhesion, and residual compressive stresses. The critical load, a measure of the scratch resistance/adhesion of the coating, increases with thickness. The cathodic arc coatings of lower thicknesses (~ 30 nm) exhibited instant damage when the normal load exceeded the critical load, whereas thick coatings (greater than or equal to 100 nm) exhibited gradual damage through the formation of tensile cracks. The sputtered carbon coatings exhibited damage to the coating at very low loads and ploughing of the tip into the coating occurred right from the beginning of the scratch.