Abstract
Microgrids are emerging throughout the world as a means of integrating decentralized, renewable energy power generation. The flexibility of this customer-driven, behind the meter solution allows it to address unique challenges. This variability that drives microgrid adoption is the same thing that keeps them from being categorized and repeatable. This lack of specific modeling leads to a stalling in financing and wide-scale adoption. By analyzing the microgrid system development, evolution, architecture, integration zones, technological advances, and business models, a clearer picture of how these entities are intertwined emerges. Several case studies of deployed microgrids will showcase the cutting-edge solutions they apply. The future implications of this new energy revolution will be highlighted and shown to create an energy generation equilibrium and the significant role played by microgrids in this new energy revolution. Although many compilations of research work on microgrids have been previously presented by various reviewers, most of them are specific to an electrical or power quality-related issue, which addresses a discrete audience. This work only includes within its scope a general outlook of microgrids and the present-day challenges in its use of rural/urban renewable energy production and distribution. The results allowed for the researchers to conclude that microgrids have emerged as a great solution in situations where energy has to be transmitted from a decentralized system to a centralized system. Challenges will arise in the microgrid management and government laws and regulations if rectified microgrids can lead to an equilibrium between decentralized and centralized bulk energy networks.
Highlights
Most power generation systems worldwide have been designed to provide energy in a centralized distribution manner, regardless of how the energy is derived
In a grid connected mode, the distributed energy resources (DERs) operate in a frequency control mode during which it is highly essential that the frequency is maintained constant, the change in the voltage is permissible whenever there is a fluctuation in the loads
Communities around the world are expressing a desire for renewable energy generation to lower greenhouse gas emissions, and increased climate change is pushing for secure, reliable electricity that can still be operated as more violent storms are becoming the norm [45]
Summary
Most power generation systems worldwide have been designed to provide energy in a centralized distribution manner, regardless of how the energy is derived. Through analysis of these elements, they developed an overview of what the grid of the 21st century should be capable of doing by integrating the trends arising within the industry They concluded that the (energy) business was technologically advancing, incorporating digital components and solutions, creating an informed and invested customer base. To refine the focus of this work, only renewable energy microgrids were considered as the main driving force behind this work was to understand the significant role played by microgrids in decentralized renewable energy production Under such instances, various novel micro-related technical ideas were not included in this work. The global context of these and how the economics of these will lead to an equilibrium between centralized and decentralized energy systems will be analyzed
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