Abstract
This study was designed to develop microencapsulated Korean mistletoe extract, to determine the stability in vitro and to examine its application in milk. Coating materials used were polyglycerol monostearate (PGMS) and medium-chain triacylglyderol (MCT). The highest efficiency of microencapsulation was 78.3% with 15:1:40 (w/w/v) as PGMS : mistletoe extract: distilled water and 66.1% with 15:1 (w/w) as MCT : mistletoe extract. The size of microcapsule was about 30.0 and 19.5 μm with PGMS and MCT, respectively. When microcapsules of mistletoe extract were incubated in simulated gastric fluid at pH 2 for 60 min, 14.8 and 17.2% of lectin was released from capsules which were coated with PGMS and MCT, respectively. Comparatively, 83.2 and 87.3% of lectin was released in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 8) after 60 min incubation of capsules coated with PGMS and MCT, respectively. The subsequent study determined the changes of physicochemical and sensory characteristics of milk with fortification of the mistletoe extract microcapsules during 12 day storage. TBA value was significantly lower in microcapsule-added groups than in the uncapsulated mistletoe extract-added group during the storage. When 100 ppm microencapsulated mistletoe extract was added, the L-, a- and b-values and viscosity were not significantly different from those of the control. In addition, the release of lectin from mistletoe extract over 12 days was 8.3 and 9.5 mg/100 ml in milk containing microcapsules made by PGMS and MCT, respectively. All sensory attributes showed a significant difference in uncapsulated mistletoe extract-added milk compared with other groups. The present study indicated that microcapsules of Korean mistletoe extract could be applied to milk and microcapsules coated with PGMS were effectively released in a simulated intestinal environment.
Highlights
Mistletoe is a semi-obligate parasite plant that lives on many different kinds of trees including oak trees
When iron was microencapsulated by polyglycerol monostearate (PGMS), the efficiency was 75% (Kwak et al, 2003)
It is well known that the crude extract of the Korean mistletoe (Viscum album coloratum) contains immunomodulatory effects
Summary
Mistletoe is a semi-obligate parasite plant that lives on many different kinds of trees including oak trees. The mistletoe has been utilized for a long period of time as a folk medicine for hypertension and cancer in Far East Asian countries, as well as in Europe (Park et al, 2001). Extracts from the European mistletoe (Viscum album L.) are widely used in cancer prevention and in an adjuvant chemotherapy of human cancer (Stoeva et al, 2001). The favorable effects of extracts from the European mistletoe have been known for over 70 years for the treatment of hypertonia, inflammatory diseases and cancer (Kwaja et al, 1986; Hajto et al, 1989; Franz, 1991; Kuttan, 1993; Gabius et al., 1994). Mistletoe extracts are known for chemotherapy of various diseases, there is very little knowledge about its stability inside the body and biological and physiological functions. In order to overcome these problems, the microencapsulation technique may be a good application for mistletoe fortification to food system
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