Abstract
Objective: Grape seed oil (GSO) from Vitis vinifera L. is a liquid vegetable oil which has been used mainly for its linoleic acid content. However, there are many efforts to convert the liquid form of the oil into a solid form due to the instability under storage condition. The aim of this study was to convert GSO into the solid microcapsules by emulsion crosslinking method with gum arabic as a coating polymer.Methods: The GSO was formulated with gum arabic in the ratios of 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5. Gum arabic solution was emulsified with GSO using Span 80 and glutaraldehyde. The emulsion was dropped into a beaker glass of isopropyl alcohol to form microcapsules. The microcapsules were dried at 70 °C. Then, they were characterized in terms of morphology, particle size, swelling index, water content, and entrapment efficiency.Results: The produced microcapsules of GSO showed white yellowish color and spherical shape. The particle size of F1, F2, F3 and F4 microcapsules were 69 μm, 82 μm, 125 μm, and 131 μm, respectively. The water content of the F1–F4 ranged from 4.37±0.34 to 5.70±0.92% and swelling indexes were ranged from 5.54±0.01 to 5.94±0.04. The value of entrapment efficiency of F1, F2, F3, and F4 were 17.33±0.603, 20.73±0.678, 34.22±1.195, and 67.15±2.019%, respectively.Conclusion: The results of this investigation showed that GSO could be converted into the solid spherical microcapsules by emulsion crosslinking method using gum arabic. Taken together, this study has provided the most promising formulation of GSO microcapsules for further production in pharmaceutical industry.
Highlights
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the largest fruit crops in the world with a huge production in 2006 [1]
Grape seed oil (GSO) was purchased from Jian Hairui Natural Plant (China), linoleic acid was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Singapura), gum arabic was purchased from Jumbo Trading (Thailand), glutaraldehyde (50% v/v) was purchased from PT
Crosslinked gum arabic microcapsules were prepared by emulsion crosslinking method with glutaraldehyde solution (50% v/v) as a crosslinking agent
Summary
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the largest fruit crops in the world with a huge production in 2006 [1] This fruit contains many beneficial compounds for body health, such as flavonoids, catechin and poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) [2]. Most people use their flesh and throw the seeds as residues. Grape seed oil (GSO) is a vegetable oil with a high content of antioxidant substances. This oil provides many benefits to the body because of its content, linoleic acid. The development of GSO formulation is important to increase its thermal stability
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