Abstract
Different historical backgrounds and planning ideas have created different urban streetscape fabrics. The patterns of the streetscape fabric have affected urban microclimate factors and formed a unique local microclimate. This paper simulated the microclimatic effects in four study areas with different streetscape fabrics in Shanghai to compare the microclimatic conditions with a system of multi-dimensional street morphological indices using ENVI-met 4.3 software. At the street network fabric level, the results showed that streets with a south–north orientation, a small junction spacing, and a street network with better connectivity were conducive to mitigation of the air temperature heating intensity in the street space and improving the ventilation effect; at the street-site level: The indices of Build-to-line ratio (BL), Height-width ratio (H/W), and Sky view factors (SVF) played different roles that affected the distribution characteristics of the microclimate factors. The BL value of the streets between 0.5 and 0.8 generally had a positive relationship with the air temperature. The SVF value of the streets was positively correlated with the microclimate index, while the H/W values were negatively correlated with them. The morphological indicators of different levels also had a synergistic effect on the microclimatic impact of the street space fabric. This comparative analysis of microclimatic characteristics at the medium spatial scale will provide useful suggestions for urban climate adaptability in urban spatial morphology optimization in future urbanization development.
Highlights
Cities are composed of a series of different urban interfaces with continuity and diversity
The paper analyzes microclimate distribution under the influence of the street spatial morphology index, which belongs to four typical urban streetscape fabrics with four different historical backgrounds of urban succession development in Shanghai to provide optimization methods for climate-adaptive strategies of urban spatial development patterns and urban open space design on the medium scale
The various numerical values of hourly microclimate variation were analyzed by the grade designation, the air temperature difference (∆T), and the wind speed difference (∆WS) while Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) difference (∆PMV) was used in the correlation analysis to directly reflect the microclimatic effects of the junction spacing
Summary
Cities are composed of a series of different urban interfaces with continuity and diversity. On the macro-scale, this study primarily investigates the influence of urban underlying surface properties and morphological composition on urban local climate; on the micro-scale, the research objects are mostly focused on the simulation of the microclimatic effects of mutual group planning and layout and the study of wind environment characteristics in urban street canyons. The paper analyzes microclimate distribution under the influence of the street spatial morphology index, which belongs to four typical urban streetscape fabrics with four different historical backgrounds of urban succession development in Shanghai to provide optimization methods for climate-adaptive strategies of urban spatial development patterns and urban open space design on the medium scale
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