Microbiology in the modern era

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, Microorganisms are involved in essential roles in our lives that sometimes we do not pay attention to or give the importance it requires. Microbes are involved in various natural processes like nutrient cycling, degradation, carbon cycle, food spoilage, climate change, and fermentation, and they can cause and cure diseases. Microorganisms are involved in the biotech industry and played a crucial role in the creation of the first biotech industry, Genentech. Genentech's first approach was to use bacteria like E. coli as factories to synthesize mammalian proteins. Their scientists succeeded in creating plasmid and inserting it into E. coli, which then produced somatostatin, insulin, and growth hormone