Abstract
The study was conducted aiming at the isolation and identification of pathogens from poultry feed manufactured by four different brands namely A (broiler starter), B (broiler finisher), C (layer starter) and D (layer finisher) sold in retail stores of Rangpur city of Bangladesh. All these samples were collected from four randomly chosen outlets and analyzed by culturing in different culture media such as Nutrient broth (NB), Nutrient agar (NA), Salmonella-Shigella (SS) agar, Eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar, MacConkey agar, Triple sugar iron (TSI) agar slant, Motility, Indole, Urease (MIU) and Saboraud Dextrose agar (SDA) media. The bacterial agents were isolated and examined under light microscope for their gross morphological and conventional biochemical characteristics. The bacteriological analyses were done at the Microbiology Laboratory of Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur during the period of January to June, 2014. Total bacterial colonies of all the samples were counted separately according to the American Public Health Association, using nutrient agar medium for total viable count (TVC), Eosine methylene blue (EMB) agar media for total E. coli count (TEC) and Salmonella-Shigella agar for TSC (total salmonella count). Saboraud Dextrose agar (SDA) media was used for detection of fungus. The virulence effect of the organism present in feed were observed by inoculating the organism in poultry. Recorded result showed that average TVC of feed sample A, B, C and D were 5.45x106, 3.28x105, 5.14x106 and 4.53x105 CFU/gm (colony forming unit per gram) respectively. TEC of feed sample A, B, C and D were recorded 6.25x105, 8.26x103, 5.52x105 and 5.65x104 CFU/gm respectively. TSC of feed sample A, B, C and D were recorded 3.15x104, 2.68x103, 4.46x103 and 1.19x104 CFU/gm respectively. The highest TVC, TEC and TSC were found in broiler starter (feed sample A) and lowest TVC, TEC and TSC were found in broiler finisher (feed sample B). Fungal count was 1.85x105 CFU/ gm in layer finisher (feed sample D) could be as a result of their high pathogenecity as reported by researchers elsewhere. These organisms can cause several poultry and farm animal infections specially mycotoxicosis having public health significance to both human and poultry. The presence of high numbers of E. coli and Salmonella spp. in poultry feed were indicative of poor hygienic practices during manufacture, post process contamination and unsatisfactory transportation and reservation. Therefore reinforce the need for preventive control measures, hygienic handling and processing of feeds to reduce the risk of potential human health hazards.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2017, 3(1): 52-60
Highlights
Poultry industry is one of the important industries in Bangladesh in terms of employment avenue and source of protein supply at cheaper price for the nation
Poultry feeds contaminated with bacteria pathogenic to humans can contribute to human food borne illness through the feed-poultry-food-human chain
The highest total viable count (TVC), total E. coli count (TEC) and total Salmonella count (TSC) were found in broiler starter and lowest TVC, TEC and TSC were found in broiler finisher
Summary
Poultry industry is one of the important industries in Bangladesh in terms of employment avenue and source of protein supply at cheaper price for the nation. Commercial poultry production has been growing rapidly in Bangladesh since early 1990 by using improved genetics, manufactured feeds and management (Raha, 2013). The commercial broiler and layer farms supplying about 0.2 million metric ton of poultry meat and 5210 million table eggs per year in Bangladesh (Samad, 2005). Poultry feed are composed largely of grains including corn, wheat, barley, cake meal, sunflower seeds, peanuts and protein products of animal origin like fish meal, meat or bone meal, slaughter house offal’s etc. This research is designed to identify and characterize the microbial flora and fungus of commercially available poultry feeds sold in Bangladesh. Bearing in mind the above facts the present study was undertaken with the following specific objectives: a) To assess the microbiological quality of commercially available poultry feeds. Bearing in mind the above facts the present study was undertaken with the following specific objectives: a) To assess the microbiological quality of commercially available poultry feeds. b) To determine the microbial loads associated with feed samples by using Total viable count (TVC), Total
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