МІКРОБІОЛОГІЧНА АКТИВНІСТЬ ҐРУНТУ ЗА ВИРОЩУВАННЯ СОЇ З РІЗНИМИ ВАРІАНТАМИ ДОБРИВ

Abstract

The aim of the study was comparative evaluation of microbiological processes occurring in the soil and rhizosphere during the soybean cultivation in the conditions of short-term rotation with the use of different fertilizer systems. Methods.The content of ammoniating, amylolytic, pedotrophic, oligotrophic, asporousmicroorganisms, and micromycetes was determined. The soil and rhizosphere microbiological processes were characterized by mineralization – immobilization, oligotrophism, and pedotrophism coefficients. The use of ecological and biological fertilizer systems was accompanied by the increase of ammoniating microorganisms in the soybean budding phase. The use of exclusively mineral fertilizers of soybean has only significantly increased the development of microorganisms which use nitrogen of mineral compounds. The number of oligotrophic microorganisms was the highest, indicating that the stocks of readily available nutrients were depleted and that humification processes were intensified. For the ecological system of fertilizers, the coefficient of nitrogen mineralization-immobilization was 0.72-0.83, and for the biological system was the lowest 0.60-0.99. It confirms the equilibrium of the processes of mineralization and immobilization. The oligotrophic coefficients for the ecological and biological fertilizer systems at the stages of budding and browning of beans indicate the good availability of soil microbiota with easily digestible organic substances. The use of an ecological fertilizer system with a balanced combination of mineral and organic fertilizers and a biological fertilizer system with modern organic fertilizers and humates increases the activity of soil microbiota and improves the processes of organic compound transformation.