Особливості формування чисельності мікроорганізмів та спрямованість мікробних процесів ґрунту за вирощування пшениці озимої

Abstract

The aim of the work was to study the peculiarities of microbiological processes occurring in the soil and rhizosphere during the cultivation of soft winter wheat using different fertilizer systems. Methods. The content of ammonifying, amylolytic, pedotrophic, oligotrophic microorganisms in the soil and in the rhizosphere was determined by microbiological methods. The direction of soil and rhizosphere microbiological processes was calculated using the coefficients: mineralization–immobilization, oligotrophic and pedotrophic. Results. Under the ecological fertilizer system, the number of amylolytic microorganisms in the phase of the beginning of the crop tube was lower by 35.5 %, in the earing phase by 3.4 and in the phase of milk-wax ripeness by 13.5 % compared to the industrial fertilizer system. Similar results were obtained by us for a biological fertilizer system. But pedotrophic microorganisms in ecological and biological variants of fertilizer in the phase of the beginning of the tube was 9.7 and 15.5 % more than in the industrial fertilizer system, and in the earing phase by 2.9 and 16.0 %, and in the phase milk-wax ripeness – 9.5 and 25.0 %, respectively. The number of oligotrophic microorganisms was higher when using an industrial fertilizer system in the early phase of emergence and earing. But in the phase of milk-wax maturity, the number of oligotrophic microorganisms increased, including variants of ecological and biological fertilizer systems. Conclusions. The use of ecological fertilizer system with a balanced combination of mineral and organic fertilizers and biological fertilization system with modern organic fertilizers and humates helps to increase the activity of soil microbiota and improve the transformation of organic compounds.