Biological efficiency of growing agrocenosis crops

Abstract

Purpose. To study the biological efficiency of growing crops by using different fertilizer systems.Methods. Field, laboratory.Results. The influence of the fertilizer system on the productivity of crops of short crop rotation with a four-year rotation cycle, which provides for the cultivation of the following crops: soybeans – winter wheat – sugar beets – corn for grain. A high level of productivity and product quality can be achieved through biologization measures, and not only through the intensification of cultivation technologies. Under the industrial fertilizer system, only mineral fertilizers are applied, and therefore the role of vegetation fertilizers increases significantly, aimed at the formation of the crop and in the future and to ensure a high level of quality. However, due to the influence of weather conditions in the years of research to conduct high-quality fertilization of vegetation with mineral fertilizers was impossible due to lack of moisture or in some years due to significant rainfall at the time of harvest. At the same time, nitrogen available to plants from biological and ecological fertilizer systems allowed to ensure the formation of acceptable quality indicators. Thus, the cultivation of crop rotations with the use of ecological and biological fertilizer systems allows forming high-quality yield indicators at a good level.Conclusions. The maximum yield of soybeans was provided by industrial (4.21 t/ha) and biological fertilizer system (4.18 t/ha). Also, under the industrial fertilizer system, the maximum grain yield of winter wheat was obtained (7.9 t/ha). However, in the biological system of fertilization of sugar beets for sugar yield, under the conditions of the experiment, the highest efficiency was obtained (12.7 t/ha). At the same time, the maximum yield of corn grain (11.7 t/ha) was obtained in the variant of the industrial fertilizer system.