Microbial metabolism of quinoline and related compounds. XX. Quinaldic acid 4-oxidoreductase from Pseudomonas sp. AK-2 compared to other procaryotic molybdenum-containing hydroxylases.

Abstract

Quinaldic acid 4-oxidoreductase from Pseudomonas sp. AK-2 catalyses the hydroxylation of quinoline 2-carboxylic (quinaldic acid) to 4-hydroxyquinoline 2-carboxylic acid (kynurenic acid) with concomitant reduction of a suitable electron acceptor. An analogous hydroxylation in para-position relative to the N-heteroatom was only recently described for quinaldine 4-oxidoreductase (de Beyer & Lingens, 1993, Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler 374, 101-110) and for quinaldic acid 4-oxidoreductase from Serratia marcescens 2CC-1 (Fetzner & Lingens, 1993, Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler 374, 363-376). Quinaldic acid 4-oxidoreductase from Pseudomonas putida AK-2 was purified 78-fold to electrophoretic homogeneity with a recovery of 22%. The native enzyme (300 kDa) was composed of three subunits with molecular masses of 90, 34 and 20 kDa, indicating an alpha 2 beta 2 gamma 2 structure. Quinaldic acid 4-oxidoreductase contained FAD, molybdenum, iron and acid-labile sulfur in a ratio of 2:2:8:8. Molybdenum is probably associated with molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide as organic part of the pterin molybdenum cofactor. The absorption spectrum of quinaldic acid 4-oxido-reductase exhibited the typical features of a molybdo-iron/sulfur-flavoprotein, namely, maxima at 274 nm, 340 nm and 450 nm, a shoulder at 550 nm, a ratio A280/A450 of 4.7 and a ratio A450/A550 of 3.5. The enzyme was susceptible to inactivation by methanol, sodium m-arsenite, p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, and potassium cyanide. Cyanide caused an alteration at 320 nm in the absorption spectrum, typical for the change in the coordination sphere of the molybdenum. Enzyme inactivated with cyanide was reactivated to 74% by incubation with sulfide. Thus, quinaldic acid 4-oxidoreductase possesses a monooxo-monosulfido-type molybdenum center.