Microbial Demethylation of Immunosuppressant FK-506: Isolation of 31-O-FK-506-Specific Demethylase Showing Cytochrome P-450 Characteristics from Streptomyces rimosus MA187

Abstract

As a result of an extensive screening program for the microbial modification of the immunosuppressant FK-506, one culture, Streptomyces rimosus MA187, which specifically catalyzed the C-31 demethylation of FK-506 was identified. Treatment of the biotransforming culture with FK-506 increased demethylase activity 2.4-fold and stabilized the cytochrome P-450 protein. The enzyme responsible for this demethylation (31-O-FK-506 demethylase) was isolated and shown to be a soluble cytoplasmic protein which is constitutively expressed in the cells, which requires NADPH, ferredoxin-NADP(sup+)-reductase, and ferredoxin for activity, and which shows a cytochrome P-450 light absorption characteristic. Carbon monoxide saturation of the enzyme preparation and known mammalian cytochrome P-450 inhibitors such as quinidine HCl, ketoconazole, troleandomycin, and sulfaphenazole abolish the demethylating activity extensively. The purified enzyme is a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 42 kDa and shows its maximal activity at a pH of 7.4 and an incubation temperature of 34(deg)C. The first 19 N-terminal amino acids in the sequence of the purified protein have been determined, with no cytochrome P-450 match found in the OWL and Swiss-Prot 23 databases. The isolated demethylase is therefore a cytochrome P-450 protein that can be used as a catalyst for the synthesis of 31-O-desmethylFK-506, an important immunosuppressant and a known metabolite of FK-506 metabolism by human liver microsomes.