Abstract
Despite recent advances in understanding microbial diversity in skin homeostasis, the relevance of microbial dysbiosis in inflammatory disease is poorly understood. Here we perform a comparative analysis of skin microbial communities coupled to global patterns of cutaneous gene expression in patients with atopic dermatitis or psoriasis. The skin microbiota is analysed by 16S amplicon or whole genome sequencing and the skin transcriptome by microarrays, followed by integration of the data layers. We find that atopic dermatitis and psoriasis can be classified by distinct microbes, which differ from healthy volunteers microbiome composition. Atopic dermatitis is dominated by a single microbe (Staphylococcus aureus), and associated with a disease relevant host transcriptomic signature enriched for skin barrier function, tryptophan metabolism and immune activation. In contrast, psoriasis is characterized by co-occurring communities of microbes with weak associations with disease related gene expression. Our work provides a basis for biomarker discovery and targeted therapies in skin dysbiosis.
Highlights
Despite recent advances in understanding microbial diversity in skin homeostasis, the relevance of microbial dysbiosis in inflammatory disease is poorly understood
In atopic dermatitis (AD), as a model of atopic/allergic inflammatory disease, commensal skin microbes are associated with disease flares[10]
We report a significant increase in the abundance of S. aureus and loss of anaerobic species in AD, while
Summary
Despite recent advances in understanding microbial diversity in skin homeostasis, the relevance of microbial dysbiosis in inflammatory disease is poorly understood. I nteractions between commensal or pathogenic microbes and the hosts they colonize are central to the maintenance of homeostasis and the initiation of disease[1]. This rapidly advancing field is starting to bear the fruits of interdisciplinary efforts but our understanding of microbe−host interactions is still limited[2]. Recent advances in analyzing microbial gene sequences in healthy skin has provided a comprehensive understanding of the classes of microbes and their diversity occupying distinct topographical niches[6]. We present a large-scale, comprehensive analysis of the microbiome and microbiome-associated host transcriptome in skin of healthy volunteers (HV), AD, and PSO patients, revealing two distinct patterns of host−microbe interactions in chronic skin inflammation. We report a significant increase in the abundance of S. aureus and loss of anaerobic species in AD, while
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