Abstract
Spontaneous bone regeneration could occur to reestablish mandibular bony continuity in patients who underwent partial or total mandibulectomy for tumors with periosteum-preserving. However, scarce data is available related to the precise role of periosteum in this bone regeneration. Therefore we aimed to investigate the gene expression of periosteum that were involved in the mandibular bone regeneration. Mandibular segmental defects were created in six mini-pigs with periosteum preserved. The periosteum of defects and control site were harvested at 1 and 2 weeks. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that the mechanisms concerning immature wound healing were clearly up-regulated at week 1. In contrast, by week-2, the GO categories of skeletal development, ossification and bone mineralization were significantly over-represented at week-2 with several genes encoding cell differentiation, extracellular matrix formation, and anatomical structure development. Furthermore, Tgfβ/Bmp, Wnt and Notch signaling were all related to the osteogenic process in this study. Besides osteogenesis, genes related to angiogenesis and neurogenesis were also prominent at week-2. These findings revealed that the gene expression profile of the periosteum’s cells participating in bone regeneration varied in different time points, and numbers of candidate genes that differentially expressed during early healing stages of intramembranous bone regeneration were suggested.
Highlights
The periosteum is a specialized connective tissue sheath that covers the external surface of all the bones except for sites of articulation and muscle attachment
Surgeons have found that spontaneous bone regeneration could occur to reestablish mandibular bony continuity in patients who underwent partial or total mandibulectomy for tumors with periosteum-preserving[4,5]
Our results demonstrated remarkable osteogenesis potential of periosteum which showed that the critical size defects (CSD) of mandibular segmental defect was 6-cm with intact periosteum and 2-cm when periosteum was
Summary
The periosteum is a specialized connective tissue sheath that covers the external surface of all the bones except for sites of articulation and muscle attachment. The purpose of this study was to use microarray technology to investigate the gene expression of periosteum that are involved in the bone regeneration of periosteum-preserving mandibular segmental defects in a mini-pig model by analyzing the transcriptional profile at two time points (1-week and 2-week). This is a crucial period in the bone regeneration process characteristic of both early response mechanisms and the subsequent processes involved in the initiation of osteogenesis underneath the periosteum. We hope that this study can provide an insight into the molecular regulation mechanisms of periosteum that occur during bone regeneration following periosteum-preserving mandibulectomy in a mini-pig model and help us to find out molecular targets that could be used to improve the regenerative process
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