Abstract
In this study, the effect of Codonopsis lanceolata fermented by lactic acid on controlling gene expression levels related to obesity was observed in an oligonucleotide chip microarray. Among 8170 genes, 393 genes were up regulated and 760 genes were down regulated in feeding the fermented C. lanceolata (FCL). Another 374 genes were up regulated and 527 genes down regulated without feeding the sample. The genes were not affected by the FCL sample. It was interesting that among those genes, Chytochrome P450, Dmbt1, LOC76487, and thyroid hormones, etc., were mostly up or down regulated. These genes are more related to lipid synthesis. We could conclude that the FCL possibly controlled the gene expression levels related to lipid synthesis, which resulted in reducing obesity. However, more detailed protein expression experiments should be carried out.
Highlights
The worldwide incidence of obesity continues to escalate despite increased awareness and global efforts to identify its origins
It was shown that the sample RNAs extracted from both samples showed clear bands and sharp two peaks of 18s and 28s in the scanned image, which confirmed that the RNAs from both samples were good enough to perform microarray experiment
A skewed form of ratio pattern before normalization changed to a linear pattern centered to zero after normalization, which implies that specific genes, i.e., not all of the genes related to obesity, were noticeably changed after feeding the fermented C. lanceolata (FCL) samples
Summary
The worldwide incidence of obesity continues to escalate despite increased awareness and global efforts to identify its origins. Some of them were obtained as they were (fresh or dry type) or extracted by hot water Their tastes were not favorable due to different flavors and colors of saponins and its active components were not well eluted during conventional extraction processes [10]. They contain various active components including tannins, saponins, polyphenolics, alkaloids, essential oils and steroids [11]. To overcome this kind of limitation in utilizing natural plants, the lactic acid fermentation process has often been employed to elute active components and to improve transportation into the cells by the help of microorganisms [10]. For making better utilization of C. lanceolata, one of the edible lactic acids was fermented with the herb, and the fermented extracts were tested by a cDNA microarray method to monitor approximately 8170 gene expression changes in the liver of mice
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