Abstract
In this study, a porous monolith of poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) has been prepared on the nylon membrane of a commercial syringe filters (13 mm, 0.22 µm) for the micro solid-phase extraction (µSPE) of pharmaceutical and illicit drugs from wastewater samples prior to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) determination. Polymer synthesis conditions were designed and adjusted to provide robust devices with reduced costs and ease of use. The performance of the developed devices was assessed by investigating the most appropriate µSPE conditions. The features of the proposed device allow for the extraction of sample volumes up to 25 mL of wastewater and the use of minimal amounts of organic solvents (200 µL of 0.1 % formic acid in methanol) in the desorption step, providing a 125 enrichment factor. Sample extracts were measured by LC-MS/MS, providing limits of detection from 2 to 22 ng/L, recoveries from 84 to 120 %, and relative standard deviations lower than 16 %. The proposed approach has demonstrated to be suitable for the easy and simple extraction of forty-two psychoactive substances from wastewater samples with a reduced solvent consumption, low cost, minimal environmental impact, and high enrichment capacity. The method greenness and practicality has been evaluated using AGREEprep, complexGAPI, and BAGI tools, demonstrating an adequate green character and practicality of the proposed methodology.
Published Version
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