Abstract
We present a reproducible fast prototyping procedure based on micro-drilling to produce homogeneous tubular ultramicroelectrode arrays made from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), a conductive polymer. Arrays of Ø 100 μm tubular electrodes each having a height of 0.37 ± 0.06 μm were reproducibly fabricated. The electrode dimensions were analyzed by SEM after deposition of silver dendrites to visualize the electroactive electrode area. The electrochemical applicability of the electrodes was demonstrated by voltammetric and amperometric detection of ferri-/ferrocyanide. Recorded signals were in agreement with results from finite element modelling of the system. The tubular PEDOT ultramicroelectrode arrays were modified by prussian blue to enable the detection of hydrogen peroxide. A linear sensor response was demonstrated for hydrogen peroxide concentrations from 0.1 mM to 1 mM.
Highlights
Microelectrodes are widely used as transducers in electrochemical sensors
We have developed a fabrication method which allows a reproducible fabrication of polymer tubular electrode arrays
Functional microelectrode arrays were employed for the detection of hydrogen peroxide after a modification of the working electrodes with Prussian blue
Summary
Microelectrodes are widely used as transducers in electrochemical sensors. The most common types are disc, cylinder, ring, and band shaped microelectrodes [1,2,3]. Even though tubular electrodes have been known for a long time [6], a reproducible method for fabricating polymer tubular electrodes has not been successfully realized. The higher conductivity and increased stability of conducting polymers have enabled their application as sensor electrodes over the last decades [10]. The lower conductivity and higher electrical resistance of conducting polymers compared to noble metals restricts the areas of application as well as the useful electrode dimensions. We have developed a fabrication method which allows a reproducible fabrication of polymer tubular electrode arrays. Repeated drillings enabled the fabrication of Ø 100 μm tubular microelectrode arrays with an average electrode height of 0.37 ± 0.06 μm and with average processing times of 2 s per tubular electrode. Functional microelectrode arrays were employed for the detection of hydrogen peroxide after a modification of the working electrodes with Prussian blue
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