MHD mixed convection Ferro Fe3O4/Cu-hybrid-nanofluid runs in a vertical channel

Abstract

Mixed convection of Ferro hybrid-nanofluid (Fe3O4/Cu /H2O) moving through a vertical channel in the existence of a uniform transverse magnetic field has been fulfilled in this article. Assuming that the sides of the channel are undergoing thermal radiative flux and variable temperature, under these assumptions a system of partial differential equations due to momentum, energy, and induced magnetic has been deemed. Using the non-dimensional variables technique, the system transformed to ordinary differential equations, which were solved analytically for both cases of buoyancy force. The velocity and temperature profiles are also presented, as well as the Nusselt number, which is calculated and then analyzed as the relevant parameters are varied. The results revealed that hybrid fluids, magnetic fields, and thermal radiation all have an impact on velocity, induced magnetic, and temperature behavior. Furthermore, nanoparticle concentration and magnetic field have a strong influence on the critical Rayleigh number at the commencement of flow instability. Referring to the obtained results, one can observe that wall shear stress is reduced by 5% as the nanoparticles increase from 5 to 10% (for aiding buoyancy) and by 40–50% for opposing buoyancy. Also, adding 1% Cu – 10% Ferro-fluid reduces wall shear stress by 2%. More results, as well as the impacts of the relevant parameters on the hybrid-nanofluid temperature, velocity, and induced magnetic field, as well as the shear stress and rate of heat transfer at the channel wall, are shown in figures and tables, followed by a detailed discussion.