MHD convective flow of Ag–TiO[formula omitted] hybrid nanofluid in an inclined porous annulus with internal heat generation

Abstract

The current article deals with the computational study of buoyant convection and heat dissipation processes of hybrid nanoliquid saturated in an inclined porous annulus. The fluid flow movement in the porous annular region is modeled using Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer model. The vertical boundaries of the cylinder are subjected to uniform but different heating profiles and horizontal surfaces are maintained adiabatic. In the current investigation, for the conservation laws which govern the considered physical process, numerical simulations have been performed using the time-splitting ADI (Alternating Direction Implicit) and line over-relaxation methods. Computations have been performed for broad range of physical and geometric parameters, such as Hartmann number (0≤Ha≤50), geometric inclination angle (−60∘≤γ≤60∘), Darcy number (10−5≤Da≤10−1), aspect ratio (0.5≤Ar≤2) and internal heat generation (0≤Q≤20) to address their impacts on hybrid nanofluid movement and associated heat dissipation rate in the annulus. In addition, heat transfer rate has also been estimated by considering the impact of concentration of each nanoparticle present in the hybrid nanofluid pair. The outcome of numerical computations reveal that an increment in Darcy number enhances the average Nusselt number. Additionally, it has been noticed that the geometric tilt angle of 30° results in dissipating maximum amount of thermal energy in the system. Through this investigation, it is also noticed that shallow annular enclosure exhibits greater amount of heat transport compared to other aspect ratios. Also, significant impact of magnetic field on fluid flow and thermal transport rate has been noticed from the detailed numerical simulations. Further, an enhancement in internal heat generation deteriorates the heat transfer rate and this reduction becomes more steep as the internal heat generation increases.