Abstract
The chemical environment and the internal conditions of the furnaces and ladles are extremely aggressive for the refractories, so metallurgical industries demand refractory linings with greater durability and resistance to avoid unforeseen stoppages and to reduce the changes of the furnace lining. Therefore, the current work aims to evaluate the impact of the additions of ZrO2-nanoparticles (1, 3, and 5 wt. %) in magnesia-based bricks. A comparative study of the physical and chemical properties in bricks obtained using two cold pressing techniques (uniaxial and isostatic pressing) and two sintering temperatures (1550 and 1650 °C) was carried out. The microstructure and crystalline phase characteristics obtained after the heat treatments and the slag corrosion test was studied using scanning electron microscopy/electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results reveal that the sample with 5 wt. % of ZrO2 nanoparticles (obtained by cold isostatic pressing and sintering at 1650 °C) has the lowest porosity and greatest resistance to penetration of blast furnace slag.
Highlights
Zirconium oxide (ZrO2 ) is a phase that is characterized by having three polymorphic transformations
The effect of both the pressing method and the sintering temperature (1550 °C and 1650 °C) was investigated in magnesium oxide (MgO) refractory doped with ZrO2
The effect of both the pressing method and the sintering temperature (1550 ◦ C and 1650 ◦ C) was investigated in MgO refractory doped with ZrO2 nanoparticles
Summary
Zirconium oxide (ZrO2 ) is a phase that is characterized by having three polymorphic transformations It is monoclinic from room temperature up to 1170 ◦ C, tetragonal from 1171 ◦ C to 2370 ◦ C and cubic above 2370 ◦ C and until the melting point (2715 ◦ C) [1]. Magnesium oxide (MgO) is a basic refractory material characterized by its refractoriness (high melting point, around 2800 ◦ C). This material has a thermal conductivity of 48 W/m·K at room temperature and has a good resistance to corrosion in the presence of basic material. Magnesia refractories, which are manufactured by mixing magnesium oxide with other materials (carbon, spinel, chromite, etc.) to obtain bricks with different shapes, are used in the lining of both furnaces and ladles employed in the metallurgical industry (basic oxygen furnace (BOF), electric arc furnaces (EAF), argon-oxygen-decarburization (AOD), ladle metallurgical furnaces (LMF), cement kilns and furnaces for nonferrous materials [3])
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