Abstract
The potential of polyoxometalate ionic liquid POM-IL supported on low-cost and available eco-friendly Saudi raw bentonite in the adsorption of MB cationic dye was investigated. For this purpose, TOAx[α-XW11O39]@Bentonite (X = Si, P; TOA = TetraOctylAmmonium), namely SWB and PWB were prepared and characterized by IR, XRD, XRF, SEM, TEM and BET. Batch adsorption experiments showed that SWB and PWB have higher adsorption capacity than the raw bentonite with an enhancement of about 37% for SWB. The adsorption capacities of both SWB and PWB improved with increasing contact time and temperature and decreased with higher salt concentration in solution. The pH is shown to have insignificant effect on the adsorption of MB onto SWB and PWB. This result is quite meaningful in the adsorption process application since it makes pH complicated adjustment of the discharged contaminated water before treatment unnecessary. The Kinetic study expressed that the pseudo-second-order model described the adsorption process better than the pseudo first order. The experimental isotherm data were found to fit the Langmuir model compared to the Freundlich model with a maximum adsorption capacity 277.78 mg/g and 113.6 for PWB and SWB respectively. The thermodynamic parameters illustrated that the adsorption process was favorable, spontaneous and endothermic.
Highlights
IntroductionWater pollution became the most challenging environmental issues in many
The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) transmittance bands in the low frequency region (1200 - 400 cm−1) of the modified Bentonite and raw Bentonite are largely comparable indicating that the clay mineral has not changed upon modification by polyoxometalate
New adsorbents based on polyoxometalate ionic liquid supported on Saudi bentonite were prepared and totally characterized
Summary
Water pollution became the most challenging environmental issues in many. Dyes as worst type of water pollutants [3] [4] are toxic and have an important ecological impact on ecosystem due to their strong hazard, bioaccumulation, and environmental persistence [5]. Discharge of dyes from various industrial sources such as textile, paper, food and cosmetics without treatment into the water bodies has a badly effect on ecosystem [6] [7]. Methylene Blue, as a typical cationic dye, was predominantly selected as a model compound to examine the adsorption process due to its wide range application in textile industries [4] [8]. A variety of conventional techniques consisting of physical, physicochemical and biological treatment have been used for the removal of dyes [9] [10] [11] [12]
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