Methods of spatial transformation of modern theaters

Abstract

The Law of Ukraine "On Theaters and Theatrical Business" dated 31.2005 No. 2605-IV[1], aimed at solving the problems of the development of theater infrastructure, covers the design and construction of theaters in order to provide the population with cultural objects. Based on the main provisions of the Law, the article examines the latest approaches to scenography of theaters with the help of spatial transformation of the stage and audience hall in the context of the development of demonstration and audience complexes of the modern theater. It is known from the history of architecture that during the avant-garde period of the 20s and 30s of the 20th century, the ancient ancient theater traditions received a second birth. Examples can be the project of the Total Theater (architect V. Gropius), as well as the competition project of the Theater of Mass Musical Performance in Kharkiv (architect brothers V., L. and O. Vesnin). In these projects, the foundations of the organization of flexible planning through spatial transformation were laid, which have not lost their relevance today. The article examines and analyzes various modern methods of transformation of the theater space: types of opening the walls of the hall for the audience and models of transformation schemes ("stage + amphitheater"; "stage surrounded by amphitheatres", "amphitheatre, stage, amphitheater", "stage-ring"), "hall of bases of chairs and stage". The possibilities of using technological equipment in theater halls, various combinations of audience seats based on transformation (manual and semi-automatic), etc. are also given. The author's study of foreign experience and conducted exploratory design made it possible to recommend to architects the use of the latest scenographic techniques, which are based on the implementation of the architectural-spatial concept of the "Black box" transformer audience hall. Such transformer halls have a basic set of various variants of possible transformations of the audience seats and the stage.